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Subject: The Earls of Carrick and their descendants
Date: Fri, 25 Nov 2005 00:29:13 EST
Thursday, 24 November, 2005
Hello All,
Mention was made in the recent past to the research of Andrew B. W.
MacEwen concerning the (pre-Bruce) Earls of Carrick. One particular
problem (or group of problems) of long standing is the confusion
concerning Neil, Earl of Carrick (d. 1256) with regard to his
parentage, his marriage and his issue.
1. Earl Neil has been conflated with his father Nicol, the son
and heir of Duncan, earl of Carrick (d. 1250) as given in
Scots Peerage [1]. The existence of Nicol has been long
known, but has been both erroneously explained and
explained away [2]. Nicol has been identified as the son
and heir of Earl Duncan, who died in his father’s lifetime,
leaving Neil as heir to the Earldom.
2. Earl Neil has been ‘assigned’ a wife ' Margaret [dau. of
Alexander, Steward of Scotland], who is said to have been
married to Nigel or Neil of Galloway, Earl of Carrick ' [3].
No documentation has been found for such a wife of Earl Neil,
or a daughter of Alexander the Steward matching this
description: Andrew MacEwen has advised that this is an
error of Gordon, caused by confusion over the marriage of
Earl Neil’s grandfather Earl Duncan and Avelina [4].
The one wife of Earl Neil was Isabella, parentage unknown.
3. Earl Neil had four daughters, as Andrew MacEwen found in
a particular reference - the only daughter receiving
recognition being the eldest, Margaret, who brought the
earldom to her husbands, Sir Adam de Kilconquhar and Sir
Robert de Brus (father of _the Bruce_).
The next post in this thread will deal with Aufrica (elsewhere
Effrick), Earl Neil’s daughter who married Sir Colin Mor Campbell of
Argyll. For reference, below please find the pedigree of the Earls
of Carrick as I now have it, from Duncan, son of Fergus of Galloway,
to Earl Neil’s daughters and their issue.
Cheers, and a happy Thanksgiving to all (Yanks or no).
John
NOTES (to post)
[1] SP II:246 (Earls of Carrick).
[2] W. David H. Sellar, Bute Pursuivant of Arms, wrote an
interesting and confusion treatise on the subject,
"The Earliest Campbells - Norman, Briton or Gael?"
In this work, Mr. Sellar identified Nicol as a brother
of Earl Neil, and as being ‘correctly’ named Colinus
or Colin - the source of the name Colin in the
Campbell family (!). Excerpts from this work can be
readily read, courtesy of Clan Campbell Society (NA) at
http://www.ccsna.org/jsep11.htm
[3] SP I:12 (Kings of Scotland).
[4] In addition to Andrew MacEwen’s communication, see also
Richard Oram, The Lordship of Galloway (Edinburgh: John
Donald, 2000), p. 133.
1 Gilbert of Carrick
----------------------------------------
Death: 1 Jan 1185[1]
Occ: co-Lord of Galloway
Father: Fergus of Galloway (ca1096-1161)
Mother: NN
co-Lord of Galloway
Gael. Gilbrighte [Gillebride]
benefactor of the nunnery of North Berwick, founded by Duncan of Fife
ca. 1150 [Oram p. 89[2], cites North Berwick Carte, nos. 1, 13, 14, 28]
rebelled against King William of Scots, 1174; reconciled to William
and to King Henry II of England after Treaty of Falaise
paid homage and fealty to King Henry II at Feckenham, ca. 9 Oct 1176,
giving his son Donnchad (Duncan) as hostage [Oram p. 97[2], cites
Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi]
identification of his wife as Aufrica of Fife by Andrew MacEwen[4].
See also Oram, pp. 89-90[2]
___________________________
re: his wife Aufrica:
'Afreka' [Orkneyinga Saga[3]]
she m. 1stly Harald Maddadsson of Orkney, repudiated ca. 1168;
2ndly Gilbert of Carrick[4]
Spouse: Aufrica of Fife
Father: Duncan mac Duff, Earl of Fife (-1154)
Marr: ca 1169[4]
Children: Duncan (ca1170-1250)
Malcolm
NN
1.1 Duncan of Carrick
----------------------------------------
Death: 13 Jun 1250[1]
Birth: ca 1170[4]
Earl of Carrick
his father paid homage and fealty to King Henry II of England at
Feckenham, ca. 9 Oct 1176, giving his son Donnchad (Duncan) as hostage
[Oram p. 97[2], cites Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi]
probably freed following the death of Henry II and the quitclaim of
Richard I of England to King William of Scots, Canterbury, Dec 1189
created Earl of Carrick, on the separation of Carrick from Galloway,
ca. 1190-1196[1]
granted Maybole and Beath to Melrose priory, witnessed by cousin Roland
of Galloway, Mar 1198 or before [Oram p. 104, cites Melrose Liber,
no. 30[2]]
the account of the forfeiture of William de Breosa refers to his fleeing
to Ireland, and King John's siege of Carrickfergus castle, July 1210:
' Meanwhile his wife fled to Scotland with William and Reginald her
sons, and her private retinue, in the company of Hugh de Lacy, and
when the K. was at the capture of Carrickfergus castle, a certain
friend and cousin of his of Galweya, viz., Dunecan de Karyc, reported
to the K. that he had taken her and her daughter the wife of Roger de
Mortemer, and William junior, with his wife and two sons, but Hugh de
Lacy and Reginald had escaped. The K. sent John de Curcy and Godfrey
de Craucumb for them with crossbowmen and sergeants and two
galleys;...' [Bain I:81-82[5], cites Liber A, Chapter House, fol. 419]
co-Lord of the Glens of Antrim with Alan of Galloway, 1212[6]
gave certain lands to David de Graham, confirmed by King Alexander III,
charter dated at St. Andrew, 27 Dec 1253:
' donacionem illam quam Duncanus comes de Carrik fecit eidem Dauid de
quadam terra in territorio de Inuirgarvane cum pertinenciis suis,...'
[The Lennox II:13-15, No. 12[7]]
Gael. Donnchad
his marriage to Avelina (as dau. of Walter the Steward) based on
identification by Andrew B. W. MacEwen (cites Roger de Hoveden)[4].
Oram (p. 133) cites Hoveden, saying she was daughter of Alan[2]
Spouse: Avelina le Steward
Father: Alan fitz Walter, Steward of the King of Scotland (-1204)
Marr: Nov 1200[2]
Children: Nicol
1.1.1 Nicol of Carrick
----------------------------------------
heir of Carrick (d.v.p.)[4]
' Nicol de Carrick granted the Church of St Cuthbert, at Maybole, to
the nuns of North Berwick ', 1220 [J. M'Ewen[8]]
his identification (previously conflated with his son Neil) by Andrew
B. W. MacEwen [pending publication in next edition of G.W. S.Barrow,
Robert the Bruce[4]]
Children: Neil (ca1230-1256)
1.1.1.1 Neil of Carrick
----------------------------------------
Death: 1256[1]
Birth: ca 1230
Earl of Carrick
Gael. Niall [Latin: Nigellus]
co-Lord of the Glens of Antrim[6]
successor to his grandfather Duncan, 1250[9]
' Nigellus comes de Karrike ', one of the Regents of Scotland and
guardians of Alexander III, appointed 20 September 1255[1]
' Domino Comite Nigello de Carric ', witness [together with John de
Hastings, Gilbert de Hay and others] to a charter of Alan 'Durward'
grant two davachs of land in Luntrethen to Coupar priory, ca. 1250-56
[Coupar I:122-124, No. LV[10]]
______________________
re: his wife Isabella:
previously identified as ' Margaret [dau. of Alexander, Steward of
Scotland], who is said to have been married to Nigel or Neil of
Galloway, Earl of Carrick ' [SP I:12[6] ]. Andrew B. W. MacEwen has
proven that this is in error, due to a misunderstanding by Gordon as
to the relationship with the Stewarts (created by marriage of Duncan
of Carrick with Avelina).[4]
Spouse: Isabella
Children: Marjorie (-<1292)
Aufrica
NN, a daughter
NN, a daughter
1.1.1.1.1a Marjorie of Carrick*
----------------------------------------
Death: bef 9 Nov 1292[11]
Occ: Countess of Carrick suo jure
Countess of Carrick (eldest of four daughters)
her husband resigned the Earldom of Carrick to his son 9 Nov 1292,
following her death[1]
_____________________________
re: her 1st husband:
' Adam de Kylleconnech Comes de Carrick ', grants to Elias of
Kinninmonth and his heirs his whole land of Balgrummo in the shire
of Scoonie (in Scoonie, Fife), for his homage and service, to be
held as freely as Adam son of Odo ever held it performing the
forinsec service due to the lord king, and, to the grantor, the
third part of a knight's service for all secular service and demand.
The grantor warrants the land to Elias against all men and women
(c. 1266-70).[12]
' Charter by Adam of Kilconquhar, Earl of Carrick, confirming a
charter "by Reynold le Cheine, son of Reynold le Cheine, son of
Henry le Cheine," to Gilbert, son of Robert, Earl of Strathearn,
of his lands of Durie in the shire of Scoonie in Fife, which lands
were disponed by Duncan, son of Duncan, Earl of Fife, to Sir Hugh
of .... in marriage with Annabella, his daughter, the charter
confirmed being engrossed and both wanting dates. Witnesses
(to the Earl of Carrick's grant), Robert, Bishop of Dunblane,
Allan, abbot, and Hugh, prior of the "Ile" (Inchaffray), Sir
Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan, Sir (Malise), Earl of Strathearn,
Sir William, Earl of Mar, Sir William of Brechin. '
[SP VIII:245, note (1), noting, 'The writ must be between 1266
and 1269.'[6] ]
he d. 1270:
'Obiit Adam de Kilconcath, comes de Carrick cujus uxorem comitissam
de Carrick, postea Robertus de Brus, junior, accepit in sponsam,..'
[Crawfurd p. 21, citing Chronicle of Melrose[13] ]
_____________________________
re: her 2nd husband:
Earl of Carrick, de jure uxoris
[England] of Hartlepool, co. Durham, and Writtle, Baddow, Hatfield
Broadoak and Broomshawbury, Essex[1]
' Robertus de Brus comes de Carryke ', together with his father and
brother Richard, entered into a bond with Patrick, earl of Dunbar,
Walter, earl of Menteith and others at Turnberry, 20 Sept 1286
'to adhere to the party of Richard de Burgh, earl of Ulster
and Sir Thomas de Clare ' [Red Book of Menteith II: 219-220,
citing Historical Docs. Scotland, i:22[14] ]
' Brus comes de Carryk, Robertus de ' - swore allegiance to King
Edward I at Berwick, 1291 [Ragman Roll[15] ]
performed homage and had livery of his father's English lands, 4 Jul 1295
summoned to attend the King at Shrewsbury, 28 June 1283 by writ
directed 'Roberto de Brus comiti de Carrik'[1]
' In 1293, Robert de Brus had a market in Hartlepool, within the
liberties of the bp of Durham (QW, p. 604).'[16]
summoned to Parliament (England) from 24 June 1295 by writ directed
'Roberto de Brus', held thereby to have become Lord Brus[1]
Earl of Carrick in right of his wife;
resigned Earldom to son, 9 Nov 1292; Lord of Annandale 1292-1304[11]
' Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick ', knight
: his arms are recorded ca. 1285 as
' Or a saltire and a chief gules ' (St. George's Roll E93[17])
Spouse: Adam de Kilconquhar [1st husband]
Death: 1270[13]
Children: Isabella de Kilconquhar, m. Thomas Randolph
1.1.1.1.1b Marjorie of Carrick* (See above)
----------------------------------------
Spouse: Robert de Brus [2nd husband]
Death: bef 4 Apr 1304[11],[1]
Birth: Jul 1243[1]
Father: Robert de Brus (1210-1295)
Mother: Isabel de Clare (1226-<1275)
Marr: 1271[1]
Children: Robert I (1274-1329)
Edward (~1276-1318)
Christian (-ca1356)
Maud (->1323)
Mary
Isabella
Neil (-1306)
Thomas (-1306)
Alexander (-1306)
Margaret
1.1.1.1.2 Aufrica of Carrick
----------------------------------------
1st (or only) wife[18]
evidently Aufrica/Affrek of Carrick, as identified in earlier authorities
(discounted in SP[6]) and in which Andrew B. W. MacEwen concurs.[19]
~ the dispensation required for the marriage of William, earl of Ross
and Mary MacDonald (1342) supports this relationship.[20]
A slight divergence occurs in the account provided by the
Clan Campbell Society North America:
"More interesting is the account of Gillespic's marriage with `Efferic',
daughter of Colin of Carrick. This has been generally disbelieved,
the reason being, in the words of The Scots Peerage `there was no
Colin of Carrick known to history' (Scots Peerage:I.319). A record
of Colin of Carrick under that name there may not be, but a Nicholas
of Carrick appears on record more than once, and this Nicholas, there
can be no doubt, was a son of Duncan Earl of
Carrick ... Chronologically Nicholas fits." [21]
re: her husband:
lord of Loch Awe
' domino Colino Cambel, militi ', had grant from John mac Lamont
[' Johannes filius Lagmanni filii Aelcolmi [Malcolmi] M'Fercher ' ;
witnessed by lord Duncan mac Aulay, Dougal Campbell and others] of
the two pennylands of Kamesnemiclach and Hacheteyhewyne, ca. 1295
[Lamont Papers pp. 7-8, No. 10[22]]
evidently d. before 28 Aug 1296: his sons swore allegiance to King
Edward I of England at Berwick[15]; no record of same for Sir Colin
Mor
Gaelic: Cailean
cf. Campbell I:45 et seq.[23] [note: confused with his son Nichol, or
Nicholaus by the author]
Spouse: Sir Colin Mor de Campbell
Death: bef 28 Aug 1296
Father: Sir Gillespie [Archibald] de Campobello
Children: Nicholas (-<1305), of Ardskeodnish
NN, m. Angus Mor mac Donald
Sir Donald (->1320), of Lochgoil [Benderloch]
1.2 Malcolm of Carrick
----------------------------------------
leader of the assault against his uncle Uhtred of Galloway, 1174
cf. SP IV:137[6]
1.3 NN of Carrick
----------------------------------------
parent of the nephew of Duncan of Carrick
(Malcolm of Carrick, or a sibling)
Children: NN
1.3.1 NN of Carrick
----------------------------------------
nephew of Duncan of Carrick, had a grant of lands in Ireland from
King John of England, before 28 June 1213 (the date of the following
order):
' 578. The K. commands the Justiciar of Ireland, to give Robert
fitz Serlo a reasonable excambion for his land that the K. gave
to the nephew of Dunekan de Karrik. Bere (Regis). '
[Bain I:102[5], cites Close Roll 15 John, p. 2, m. 9.]
1. G. E. Cokayne, "The Complete Peerage," 1910 - [microprint,
1982 (Alan Sutton) ], The Complete Peerage of England Scotland
Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom.
2. Richard Oram, "The Lordship of Galloway," Edinburgh: John
Donald, 2000.
3. "Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney," trans.
by Hermann Paulson and Paul Edwards, Penguin Books [orig by Hogarth
Press Ltd, 1978], 1984, Scots Peerage account cites Orkneyinga Saga
as main source.
4. Andrew B. W. MacEwen, telephone conference re: (1) Isabel de
Dunbar, wife of Roger fitz John of Warkworth (2) Christina
Stewart, countess of Dunbar; (3) Cecilia, dau. of John fitz Robert
of Wark, reference made to his publications on The Seven Countesses,
and 1999 article on Alexander Sutherland of Dunbeath and his
mistress, Catherine Chalmers, 28 October 2004, notes, library of
John P. Ravilious.
5. Joseph Bain, ed., "Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland,"
Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House, 1881 (Vol. I),
full title: Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, Preserved
in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, London.
6. Sir James Balfour Paul, ed., "The Scots Peerage," Edinburgh: David
Douglas, 1904-1914 (9 volumes).
7. William Fraser, ed., "The Lennox," Edinburgh, 1874, text of vol.
II:13-15 courtesy EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS,
http://www.alphalink.com.au/~kincaid/charters.htm
8. The Rev. John M'Ewen, "The New Statistical Account: Presbytery
of Ayr, Synod of Glasgow and Ayr," as cited, Kirkmichael &
Crosshill, Ayrshire, courtesy W. F Couperthwaite,
http://www.wcouperthwaite.co.uk/kirkm.htm
9. Andrew B. W. MacEwen, telephone conversation, 19 November 2005,
re: (1) relationship of Margaret Maxwell to Sir John Montgomery,
and his 1st wife Agnes 'of the Isles', (2) identification of John
Stewart, husband of Fingola, as John Stewart of Dalswinton, (3)
theories re: Ela, wife of Duncan, Earl of Fife, 'nepta' of King
Malcolm IV, and other matters, notes, library of John P. Ravilious.
10. D. E. Easson, ed., "Charters of the Abbey of Coupar Angus,"
Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, Ltd., for the Scottish History
Society, 1947.
11. G. W. S. Barrow, "Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of
Scotland," Edinburgh University Press, 1976 (2nd ed.).
12. D.A.Bullough and R.L.Storey, eds., "The Study of Medieval Record,
Essays in honour of Kathleen Major," 'The Early Charters of the
Family of Kinninmonth of that Ilk', by G. W. S. Barrow,
http://sadko.ncl.ac.uk/~ndjk/Personal/Scotland/Origins/Charters.htm
p. 6 = King William I confirms to Adam, son of Odo the steward, the
grant made to Odo by Gilchrist, the abbot, and the convent of the
culdees of St. Andrews, as in No. 2. Forfar (c. 1194).
13. George Crawfurd, "The History of the Shire of Renfrew," Paisley:
Printed and sold by Alex. Weir, 1782, (originally, Edinburgh :
Printed by James Watson, 1710), [also as cited by Burke; and
Paisley Herald article, F of Barrochan], ' containing a genealogical
history of the royal house of Stewart,..'.
14. William Fraser, "The Red Book of Menteith," Edinburgh: 1880, .pdf
image files provided by Genealogy.com www.genealogy.com,
history and evidences concerning the Earls and Earldom of Mentieth.
15. "Clan Stirling,"
http://www.clanstirling.org/uploads/ragmanrolls.pdf
provides .pdf file of the names of those who swore allegiance
to Edward I of England at Berwick, 1296 (the 'Ragman Rolls').
16. "Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs to 1516,"
http://www.histparl.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/
17. Brian Timms, "St George's Roll," College of Arms, London, MS
Vincent 164 ff 1-21b., http://www.briantimms.com/rolls/
dated c1285. Painted, containing 677 shields., Source: Gerard
J Brault, Rolls of Arms of Edward I, Boydell & Brewer, 1997.
18. Andrew B. W. MacEwen, telephone conference re: Ralph de Tony and
Mary (de Brus ?), the Stewarts of Arthurlie, the dispensation of
Robert II of Scots and Elizabeth Mure, Neil Campbell and the
Campbells of Loch Awe, Guy O'Cathan and Angus Og MacDonald,
William de Caldcotes and the Livingstons of Kilsyth, and other
'related' matters, 29 October 2004, notes, library of John P.
Ravilious.
19. Andrew B. W. MacEwen, telephone conference re: (1) Keith of
Galston and Galbraith of that Ilk, (2) Willelma de Douglas and
her marriage to Sir William de Galbraith, and other matters, 18
January 2005, notes, library of John P. Ravilious.
20. Andrew B. W. MacEwen, telephone conference re: (1) the daughters
of Uhtred of Galloway, (2) the parentage of Joanna Douglas (wife
of Hugh Gifford of Yester), (3) The O'Neill connection to the Earls
of Carrick, (4) the parentage of Amie MacRuarie, and other matters,
2 May 2005, notes, library of John P. Ravilious.
21. The Origins of the Campbells, "Clan Campbell Society North America,"
http://www.ccsna.org/jsep11.htm
22. Sir Norman Lamont of Knockdow, Bart., F.S.A. (Scot.), "An
Inventory of Lamont Papers, 1231-1897," Presented to the Scottish
Record Society, Edinburgh: J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1914.
23. Alastair Campbell of Airds, "A History of Clan Campbell,"
Edinburgh: Polygon [an imprint of Edinburgh University Press Ltd.],
2000, Vol. I: From Origins to Flodden.
* John P. Ravilious
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